ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is critical in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of a wide range of diseases, including multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, meningitis, brain tumors, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions. Objective: Bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles to obtain deeper insights into the status of research in this sector, in order to provide support for evidence-based medicine (EBM). Methodology: The main collection of the Web of Science was used to collect relevant studies on the topic, and the VOSviewer software was employed to build bibliometric networks. The examination did not include materials from editorials, books, patents, or research with unspecified designs. The articles chosen are in the time range from 1991 to 2020. Results: It was noted that most of the articles were human observational studies focusing on the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer's, which were published in neurology and/or Alzheimer's-related journals, mainly in the United States of America. We discovered forward-looking research hotspots and trends in this domain, which can serve as an important guide to neurological research, generating subsidies for medical decision- making. Conclusion: The number of primary articles on the subject points to the need for further future research on CSF associated, mainly, with other neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to Alzheimer's, sustaining the diagnostic efficacy and EBM.
Introdução: A análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) é fundamental no diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento de uma ampla gama de doenças, incluindo esclerose múltipla, encefalite, meningite, tumores cerebrais, doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, doença de Alzheimer e outras condições neurodegenerativas. Objetivo: Análise bibliométrica dos 100 artigos mais citados para obter insights mais aprofundados sobre o status da pesquisa nesse setor, a fim de fornecer subsídios para a medicina baseada em evidências (MBE). Metodologia: O acervo principal da Web of Science foi utilizado para coletar estudos relevantes sobre o tema, e o software VOSviewer foi empregado para construir redes bibliométricas. O exame não incluiu materiais de editoriais, livros, patentes ou pesquisas com desenhos não especificados. Os artigos escolhidos estão no intervalo de tempo de 1991 a 2020. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria dos artigos eram estudos observacionais humanos com foco no diagnóstico de doenças neurodegenerativas, especificamente Alzheimer, que foram publicados em revistas de neurologia e/ou relacionadas ao Alzheimer, principalmente nos Estados Unidos da América. Descobrimos focos de pesquisa prospectivos e tendências nesse domínio, que podem servir como um importante guia para a pesquisa neurológica, gerando subsídios para a tomada de decisões médicas. Conclusão: O número de artigos primários sobre o tema aponta para a necessidade de novas pesquisas futuras sobre LCR associado, principalmente, a outras doenças neurodegenerativas, além da doença de Alzheimer, sustentando a eficácia diagnóstica e a BEM.
Introducción: El análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) es crítico en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento de una amplia gama de enfermedades, incluyendo esclerosis múltiple, encefalitis, meningitis, tumores cerebrales, enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras afecciones neurodegenerativas. Objetivo: Análisis bibliométrico de los 100 artículos más citados para profundizar en el estado de la investigación en este sector, con el fin de dar soporte a la medicina basada en la evidencia (MBE). Metodología: Se utilizó la colección principal de la Web of Science para recopilar estudios relevantes sobre el tema, y se empleó el software VOSviewer para construir redes bibliométricas. El examen no incluyó materiales de editoriales, libros, patentes o investigaciones con diseños no especificados. Los artículos elegidos están en el rango de tiempo de 1991 a 2020. Resultados: Se observó que la mayoría de los artículos eran estudios observacionales en humanos centrados en el diagnóstico de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, específicamente Alzheimer, que fueron publicados en revistas de neurología y/o relacionadas con el Alzheimer, principalmente en los Estados Unidos de América. Descubrimos puntos calientes de investigación con visión de futuro y tendencias en este dominio, que pueden servir como una guía importante para la investigación neurológica, generando subsidios para la toma de decisiones médicas. Conclusión: El número de artículos primarios sobre el tema apunta a la necesidad de futuras investigaciones sobre el LCR asociadas, principalmente, con otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas, además del Alzheimer, manteniendo la eficacia diagnóstica y la MBE.
ABSTRACT
Ethanol consumption has increased among teenagers worldwide considerably,including females. Long-term ethanol consumption in women has been reported to cause bone metabolism imbalance. However, only few studies are available on the impact of long-term ethanol consumptionon bone morphology during adolescence. Here, we report the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on bone structure in adolescent female rats. Twenty female Wistar rats (35 days old) received, by gavage, distilled water (control) or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) once daily for 55 days. After ethanol administration, animals were perfused, and the femora were collected. Morphometric evaluations were performed by electron microscopy scanning. Femora length, cortical bone thickness and medullar bone diameter was measured. The results demonstrated that ethanol exposure during adolescence reduced the length of femurs, with a decrease of the anterior thickness, posterior thickness, and mid-lateral diameter (P<0.05). Thus, long-term ethanol intake may lead to alterations on bone morphometry, reducing the thickness of compact bone and femur length in adolescent females.
ABSTRACT
Though there are literature indicating the bone loss due to alcohol consumption, studies on the association between ethanol consumption and periodontal breakdown in animals are either scarce or have provided conflicting results. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic alcohol exposure from adolescence to adulthood on the alveolar bone in rats. Wistar rats were exposed to ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day) in a solution of 22.5% (w/v) or distilled water (control) by gavage from 35 days of age (adolescent) until 90 days (adulthood). Evaluation of the bone loss was performed using scanning electronic microscopy, in which the distances between the cement-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest from the palatal side of the first molar mandibular were measured. The measurements obtained were tabulated and analyzed using Student’s t-test. Alcohol-treated group revealed greater bone loss in comparison to the control group. These findings indicate that heavy chronic alcohol exposure from adolescent to adulthood can induce alveolar bone loss in rats associated to absence of periodontitis.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Alveolar Bone Loss/chemically induced , Alveolar Bone Loss/drug effects , Alveolar Process/drug effects , Alveolar Process/pathology , Alveolar Process/ultrastructure , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & dosage , Central Nervous System Depressants/toxicity , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Ethanol/toxicity , Mandibular Diseases/chemically induced , Mandibular Diseases/diagnosis , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi contribuir com o estudo anatômico, morfométrico, ultraestrutural e propriedades físicas dos dentes permanentes do primata Sapajus apella. Para tal, foram utilizados 10 animais adultos e machos. Os dentes foram avaliados quanto ao seu comprimento e quanto à anatomia radicular externa e interna considerando número de raízes e canais, forma e direção radicular e forma do canal, assim como análise da densidade e diâmetro tubular do canal radicular, composição e microdureza dentinária. A anatomia radicular desse primata apresentou especificidades, como o número de raízes do segundo pré-molar superior e a presença do terceiro pré-molar. Quanto à densidade e o diâmetro dos túbulos dentinários, observou-se uma diminuição do número e diâmetro de túbulos ao longo do canal radicular, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante ao se comparar o terço apical com as regiões cervical e média, padrão de densidade e tamanho semelhantes a dentes humanos. Semelhanças também foram encontradas com dentes humanos quando comparados os valores de microdureza e proporção de elementos químicos encontrados na dentina radicular...
This paper aimed the anatomical study including morphometric, ultrastructural and physical properties of permanent teeth of Sapajus apella primate. Ten adult male monkeys were studied. The teeth were evaluated for their length, root anatomy (external and internal considering the number of roots and canals), direction and shape of the root canal, density and diameter of the tubular root canal, dentin microhardness, and composition. The root anatomy showed specificity regarding the number of roots of the second premolar and the presence of the third premolar. We observed a decrease in the number and diameter of dentinal tubules along the root canal, a statistically significant difference when compared with the apical and cervical regions. Similarities with human teeth were found in regard to microhardness values and proportion of chemical elements in the root dentin...